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Arhitectura calculatoarelor

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1. Introducere în limbajul de programare Java 1
1.1. Ce este Java? 1
1.2. Limbajul de programare Java 1
1.3. Java : un limbaj compilat şi interpretat 3
1.4. Istoria limbajului Java 3
1.5. Mediul Java 4
1.6. Crearea unei aplicaţii simple 4
1.7. Crearea unui applet 5
2. Programarea Orientată pe Obiecte şi Java 7
2.1. Obiecte şi clase 7
2.2. Atribute şi comportamente 8
2.2.1. Atribute 8
2.2.2. Comportament 9
2.3. Principiile OOP 9
3. Elementele de bază ale limbajului de programare Java 11
3.1. Structura lexicală a limbajului 11
3.1.1. Setul de caractere 11
3.1.2. Cuvinte cheie 11
3.1.3. Identificatori 11
3.1.4. Constante 11
3.1.5. Separatori 13
3.1.6. Operatori 13
3.1.7. Comentarii 17
3.2. Tipuri de date 17
3.3. Variabile 18
3.4. Instrucţiuni 20
3.4.1. Instrucţiunea vidă 20
3.4.2. Instrucţiuni de decizie 20
3.4.3. Instrucţiuni repetitive 24
3.5. Tablouri (vectori) 28
3.5.1. Tablouri (vectori) unidimensionale 28
3.5.2. Tablouri (vectori) cu mai multe dimensiuni 30
3.5.3. Dimensiunea unui vector 30
3.5.4. Tablouri cu dimensiuni variabile 32
3.6. Şiruri de caractere 32
4. Clase şi obiecte în Java 34
4.1. Referinţe 34
4.2. Obiecte 35
4.2.1. Noţiuni generale 35
4.2.2. Operatorul de atribuire = 36
4.2.3. Operatorul de egalitate == 37
4.3. Clase 38
4.3.1. Definirea claselor 38
4.3.2. Variabile membru 40
4.3.3. Metode 42
4.3.3.1 Definirea metodelor 42
4.3.3.2 Modificatorii metodelor 42
4.3.3.3 Tipul returnat de o metodă 43
4.3.3.4 Parametrii unei metode 44
4.3.4. Constructorii unei clase 45
4.3.5. Obiectul this 47
4.3.6. Supraîncărcarea şi supradefinirea metodelor 49
4.3.7. Modificatori de acces pentru membrii unei clase 50
4.3.8. Membrii instanţă şi membrii clasă 51
4.3.9. Argumente în linia de comandă 53
4.4. Moştenirea 56
4.4.1. Principiul moştenirii 56
4.4.2. Interfeţe 60
4.5. Probleme 63
5. Pachete 70
5.1. Importul unui pachet, al unei clase sau a unei interfeţe 71
5.2. Crearea unui pachet 72
6. Excepţii 77
6.1. Aspecte generale 77
6.2. Instrucţiunea try 78
6.3. Crearea unei excepţii 80
7. INTRĂRI ŞI IEŞIRI 83
7.1. Clasificarea fluxurilor 84
7.2. Ierarhia claselor pentru lucru cu fluxuri 85
7.2.1. Fluxuri de caractere 85
7.2.2. Fluxuri de octeţi 86
7.3. Superclasele de intrare / ieşire 87
7.4. Crearea unui flux 87
7.5. Citirea datelor de la tastatură 88
7.5.1. Obiectul System.in 88
7.5.2. Clasa InputStreamReader 89
7.5.3. Clasa BufferedReader 90
7.6. Citirea şi scrierea datelor din fişier 91
7.6.1. Clasele FileReader şi FileWriter 91
8. APPLET-URI 92
8.1. Ce este un applet? 92
8.2. Funcţiile unui applet 94
8.3. Structura generală a unui applet 94
8.4. HTML 95
8.5. Exemple 97
9. Interfeţe grafice 103
9.1. Ce este o interfaţă grafică? 103
9.2. Primele aplicaţii Swing 105
9.2.1. Exemple 105
9.2.2. Comentarea exemplelor 106
9.2.2.1 Alegerea naturii interfeţei 106
9.2.2.2 Setarea container-ului principal (din vârful ierarhiei) 107
9.2.2.3 Manipularea evenimentelor 107
9.3. Containere principale 107
9.3.1. Clasa JFrame 108
9.3.2. Ferestre secundare şi clasa JDialog 110
9.3.3. Clasa JWindow 113
9.3.4. Clasa JApplet 114
9.4. Containere intermediare 115
9.5. Folosirea gestionarilor de poziţionare (Layout Manager) 118
9.5.1. Setarea poziţionării (Layout Manager–ului) 119
9.5.1.1 BorderLayout 119
9.5.1.2 BoxLayout 120
9.5.1.3 CardLayout 121
9.5.1.4 FlowLayout 123
9.5.1.5 GridLayout 124
9.5.1.6 GridBagLayout 125
9.6. Tratarea evenimentelor 128
9.6.1. Exemplu de tratare a unui eveniment 130
9.7. Folosirea componentelor 132
9.7.1. Clasa JLabel 132
9.7.2. Clasa JButton 133
9.7.3. Clasa JTextField 133
9.7.4. Clasa JTextArea 133
9.7.5. Clasa JCheckBox 133
9.7.6. Clasa JRadioButton 133
9.7.7. Clasa JComboBox 134
9.7.8. Clasa JList 134
9.7.9. Clasa JScrollBar 134

. Java limbajul de programare java

Arhitectura calculatoarelor

Numar pagini: 139

Happiness

There is an ever-growing problem with our world; unhappiness. Unhappiness has plagued everyone at a time or two, sometimes even more. Because of this our world is suffering enormously: shootings, hate crimes, and wars are a few results of this widespread unhappiness. One might say there is no hope for our world, but there is. To end this unhappiness everyone should eat Skittles, own a goldfish, and get plenty of sunshine.. Happiness

Engleza

Numar pagini: 1

Alienated People

The Oxford dictionary defines alienation as; to estrange, isolate,
detach, distance, to put a distance, to turn away from another person.
Alienation, like a lot of other social attitudes and concepts, can give a
wide variety of interests. I have found six main points in The Encyclopedia
of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Psychoanalysis that have gotten the most
attention and things written about alienation; A) Powerlessness: The feeling,
belief, or expectancy that a persons behavior can't control some events
whether positive or negative, B) Meaninglessness: The person feels
incomprehensive in his/her social life and feels the "absurdity of life", C)
Normlessness: High expectancies for, or commitment to socially unapproved
ways to achieving a goal, one will go about achieving a goal in a not
normally excepted way, D) Cultural Estrangement: person's individual values
rejected by society, the image that the alienated value's not being standard
to that of the environment around him/her, E) Social Isolation: The
individuals low expectancy for inclusion and social exceptance, being lonely
and commonly found a member of a minority or physically disabled, F) Self
Estrangement: This focuses on the discrepancy or differences between one's
ideal self and one's actual self.
. Alienated, people

Engleza

Numar pagini: 2

Bipolar Disorder

The phenomenon of bipolar affective disorder has been a mystery since
the 16th century. History has shown that this affliction can appear in
almost anyone. Even the great painter Vincent Van Gogh is believed to
have had bipolar disorder. It is clear that in our society many people
live with bipolar disorder; however, despite the abundance of people
suffering from the it, we are still waiting for definite explanations
for the causes and cure. The one fact of which we are painfully aware
is that bipolar disorder severely undermines its’ victims ability to
obtain and maintain social and occupational success. Because bipolar
disorder has such debilitating symptoms, it is imperative that we remain
vigilant in the quest for explanations of its causes and treatment.
. Bipolar, disorder

Engleza

Numar pagini: 5

Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a serious brain disorder. It is a disease that makes it difficult
for a person to tell the difference between real and unreal experiences, to
think logically, to have normal emotional responses to other, and to behave
normally in social situations. People with schizophrenia may also have
difficulty in remembering, talking, and behaving appropriately. Schizophrenia
is one of the most common mental illnesses. About 1% of the world
population has schizophrenia. In the United States, there are about 2.5 million
people with the disease. Schizophrenia is the cause of more hospitalizations
than almost any other illness. Schizophrenia most commonly begins between
the ages of 15 and 25. Although it strikes men and women equally, the
symptoms may appear later in women than in men. Very rarely................
. Schizophrenia

Engleza

Numar pagini: 3

Frumosul

Platon, Ideea de frumos
1.1. Ideea de frumos şi eternitatea
1.2. Frumosul în sine
2. Augustin, Definiţia frumosului: caracterul obiectiv şi cantitativ al acestuia
3. Toma din Aquino, Definiţia frumuseţii
3.1. Caracterul obiectiv al frumuseţii
3.2. Cele trei condiţii ale frumuseţii
4. Karl Rosenkranz, Urâtul ca medie între frumos şi comic
5. N. Hartmann, Frumosul ca obiect universal al esteticii
. Platon, ideea, frumos, hippias, socrate, eternitatea, creator, demiourgos, augustin, definitia, caracterul, obiectiv, cantitativ, toma din aquino, frumusete, summa, theologiae, binele, bonum, pulchrum, puterea, cognitiva, karl rosenkranz, uratul, comic, esteticii, obiect, universal, n, hartmann

Estetică

Numar pagini: 9

Edgar Allan Poe

Edgar Allan Poe was a bizarre and often scary writer. People throughout
history have often wondered why his writings were so fantastically different and
unusual. They were not the result of a diseased mind, as some think. Rather
they came from a tense and miserable life. Edgar Allan Poe was not a happy man.
He was a victim of fate from the moment he was born to his death only forty
years later. He died alone and unappreciated. It is quite obvious that his
life affected his writings in a great way. In order to understand why, the
historical background of Poe must be known.
. Edgar, allan, poe

Engleza

Numar pagini: 3

Al. Philippide - Izgonirea lui Prometeu

"Al. Philippide a debutat printr-un romantism intempestiv ce s-a clasicizat treptat in timp, daca nu totdeauna in substanta cel putin in expresie. Poemul „Izgonirea lui Prometeu" apartinand fazei de tine¬rete si figurand in primul volum de versuri „Aur sterp" (1922) ilus¬treaza in modul cel mai graitor acest romantism at inceputurilor. Reinterpretarea mitului stravechi, nu lipsita de importante note per¬sonale, e operata la o temperatura lirica foarte inalta prin viguroase contraste de atitudine si de situatie, prin tonuri hiperbolice si prin simboluri de maxima generalitate. Culoarea evocarii si actiunea con¬flictului dramatic dau emotiei lirice o vivacitate particulara, care con¬suna expresiv cu zbaterile spectaculoase ale titanului inlantuit.
In lungul sir de prelucrari ale motivului prometeic, incercarea lui Philippide se remarca printr-o intensificare a resurselor conflictuale care de la confruntarea dintre erou si Zeus se imbogatesc acum printr-o opozitie noua, aceea dintre Prometeu si multime, imprejurare care accentueaza intr-un grad foarte inalt tragismul intregului mit. Caci nu mai este vorba pentru erou de a mai suporta acum doar napasta indraznelii ................". Philippide, izgonirea lui prometeu, prometeu

Limba si literatura romana

Numar pagini: 4

The Reign of Terror and the French Revolution

History is said to be written by the winners, but is it possible to rewrite history? In a way, the French, like many who have preceded them, and many who will proceed them have done the impossible, rewriting history. From trivial folklore, such as George Washington chopping down a cherry tree, to the incredibly wrong, the African slave trade; people's views of history can be shaped and molded. The French have done a superb job of instilling all of us with the concept that their Revolution was a fight for liberty, justice and the good of all Frenchmen everywhere. Their glorification of the Bastille with it's depictions in painting and sculpture and how the Revolution was the beginning of a new age pales to some of the events during this period. In fact, the storming of the Bastille was merely a hole in the dike, and more would follow. The National Guard, the Paris Commune, the September Massacre, are all words that the French would prefer us not to hear. These events were a subtle dénouement to an climax that was filled with both blood and pain. The Reign of Terror, or the Great Terror, was a massive culmination to the horror of the French Revolution, the gutters flowing with blood as the people of Paris watched with an entertained eye. No matter what the French may claim, if one chooses to open his eyes and read about this tragedy, they are most certainly welcome.. Reign, of, terror, french, revolution

Engleza

Numar pagini: 8

The Picture of Dorian Gray

The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde is the story of
moral corruption by the means of aestheticism. In the novel,
the well meaning artist Basil Hallward presets young Dorian
Gray with a portrait of himself. After conversing with cynical
Lord Henry Wotton, Dorian makes a wish which dreadfully
affects his life forever. "If it were I who was to be always
young, and the picture that was to grow old! For that I
would give everything! Yes, there is nothing in the whole
world I would not give! I would give my soul for that"
(Wilde 109). As it turns out, the devil that Dorian sells his
soul to is Lord Henry Wotton, who exists not only as
something external to Dorian, but also as a voice within him
(Bloom 107). Dorian continues to lead a life of sensuality
which he learns about in a book given to him by Lord
Henry. Dorian's unethical devotion to pleasure becomes his
way of life. The novel underscores its disapproval of
aestheticism which negatively impacts the main characters.
Each of the three primary characters is an aesthete and
meets some form of terrible personal doom. Basil Hallward's.......................
. The, picture, of, dorian, gray, oscar, wilde

Engleza

Numar pagini: 4

Plato versus Aristotle

"Plato and Aristotle, two philosophers in the 4th century, hold polar views on politics and philosophy in general. This fact is very cleverly illustrated by Raphael's "School of Athens" (1510-11; Stanza della Segnatura, Vatican), where Plato is portrayed looking up to the higher forms; and Aristotle is pointing down because he supports the natural sciences." . Plato, platon, aristotle, aristotel, polar views, versus

Engleza

Numar pagini: 3

Curs III - Retele de calculatoare

Definirea şi rolul reţelelor de calculatoare. Tipuri de reţele
Protocoale de reţea
Topologii şi arhitecturi de reţea
Conectarea reţelelor
. Definire, rol, retele, calculatoare, tipuri, protocoale, topologii, arhitecturi, retea, conectare, sharing, file, workstations, server, terminale, neinteligente, terminal, inteligent, lan, wan, gan, internetul, teleworking, servere, clienti, mediul, datele, imprimante, peer-to-peer, aplicatii, posta, electronica, fax, emitator, receptor, ibm, apple talk, novell netware, sna, aplicatie, prezentare, sesiune, transport, retea, legatura, date, fizic, magistrala, stea, inel, repetorul, concentratorul, hub, puntea, routerul, b-routerul, gateways

Bazele Contabilitatii

Numar pagini: 7

Reflectii Pedagogie

„Profesorul trebuie să aibă capacitatea de a traduce conţinuturile de învăţare în
„demersuri de instruire”, adică „întro
serie de operaţii mentale pe care el face efortul de a le
înţelege şi de a le institui în clasă”
Philippe Meirieu, 1993

„Dacă, la o masă, ai stat de vorbă cu un înţelept, numai o dată, ai învăţat mai mult decât
în zece ani de studiu.”
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

Biografie + Comentarii. Pedagogie, reflectii, maxime, philippe meirieu, henry wadsworth longfellow

Pedagogie Modul I

Numar pagini: 2

III. Evolutia conceptiilor despre om in epoca moderna si cea contemporana - 5. Descoperirea tragismului existenţei umane (Pascal)

"Dar Renaşterea, insistând atâta asupra forţei omului, a capacităţii lui de a-şi depăşi limitele, a introdus un puternic germene destabilizator. Încrederea în măreţia omului se sprijinea pe credinţa într-o ordine fermă a lumii, stabilită de către Dumnezeu, în care omul avea sau îşi cucerea un loc şi un rost care-i confereau sens existenţei. Stabilitatea universului îl ferea pe om de nelinişte şi el putea să creadă că este centrul lumii. La un moment dat, este formulată teza infinităţii lumilor şi ea a răsturnat toate principiile socotite până atunci sigure, lăsând omul pradă derutei. Sentimentul de nesiguranţă a sporit şi mai mult în secolul al XVI-lea care, datorită Reformei, a cunoscut o răsturnare a valorilor şi o zguduire a ordinii sociale.
Cu acest sentiment de criză a omului începe epoca modernă şi el este sugestiv exprimat de Blaise Pascal (secolul al XVII-lea), care arată că omul, în raport cu infinitatea universului, este un nimic, un neant dar în raport cu infinitul mic........"

BIBLIOGRAFIE

1.Pascal, Cugetări, trad. Maria Ivănescu, Cezar Ivănescu, Oradea, Ed. Aion, 2000
2. François Cavallier, Jean Paul Ferrand, Philippe Ducat, Pierre Magnard, Omul.
Sinteze filosofice, trad. din fr., Oradea, Editura Antet, 1999

. Descoperire, tragismul, existenta, umana, pascal, blaise pascal, criza, epoca, moderna, viata, amenintare, infinitul, fericire, epicurieni, ratiune, mizeria, maretia, grandoarea, antropologie, paradox, orgoliul, slabiciunile, virtutea, vicii, omul, moral, adaptare, maleabilitate, intelepciune, dumnezeu, adam, iisus, hristos, mantuire, cugetari, françois cavallier, jean paul ferrand, philippe ducat, pierre magnard

Antropologie

Numar pagini: 5

V. Antropologia filosofica in epoca contemporana - 14. Existenţialismul religios. Karl Jasppers şi Gabriel Marcel

"Încercarea de a fundamenta o teorie a existenţei şi valorii pe reinterpretarea concep¬tului de transcendenţă este caracteristică pentru o serie de poziţii adoptate în cadrul existenţialismului de factură religioasă. Pentru această direcţie, vom prezenta concepţia lui Karl Jaspers şi cea a lui Gabriel Marcel.
Karl Jaspers este preocupat soarta omului într-un secol în care acumulările tehnico-ştiinţifice, ca şi dramaticele evoluţii social-politice, departe de a fi adus mult sperata reaşezare a comunităţii umane pe axa unor valori neperi¬sabile, au sporit considerabil deruta conştiinţei contemporanilor. Prinsă între luciditatea care o împiedică să mai împărtăşească cuvîntul re¬ligiei şi neliniştea de a nu găsi un alt temei ima¬nent absolut, această conştiinţă cedează frecvent cerinţelor imediatului, se abandonează diver¬tismentului, se pierde în banalitate. Din această perspectivă, reconstrucţia filosofiei într-un chip inedit îşi propune, prin Jaspers, transformarea tămăduitoare a sufletului uman, iar critica filosofiilor premergătoare, eliberarea omului de obsesia posibilităţii de a-şi găsi salvarea într-o realitate sau doctrină dată, în altceva decît în profunzimile sinelui său lăuntric. Pentru a-şi depăşi derizoria fiinţare factică (Dasein) şi a accede la fiinţarea de sine autentică (Selbst-sein) care, potenţial, îi este imanentă fără să-i fie totuşi dată, individul va trebui să pur¬ceadă la filosofare, prin care are loc o a doua naştere spirituală şi morală a sa......................"

BIBLIOGRAFIE

1. D-tru Ghişe, George Purdea, Prefaţă la: Karl Jaspers, Texte filosofice,
Bucureşti, Ed. Politică, 1986
2. Gabriel Marcel, Jurnal metafizic, în: A fi şi a avea, trad. Ciprian Mihali, Cluj,
Ed. Apostrof, 1997
3. Ernest Stere, Din istoria doctrinelor morale, Iaşi, Ed. Polirom, 1998

. Existentialismul, religios, karl, jaspers, gabriel, marcel, soarta, omului, filosofia, filosofare, filsoful, metafizica, traditionala, kant, proces, cognitiv, cine, eul, constiinta, existenta, transcendenta, journal, mantuire, spirituala, absolut, corpul, tu, dumnezeu, acela, teologia, invizibilul, solistul, veleitarul, ernest stere, george purdea, dumitru ghise

Antropologie

Numar pagini: 5

Reflectii Pedagogie

„Profesorul trebuie să aibă capacitatea de a traduce conţinuturile de învăţare în „demersuri de instruire”, adică „într-o serie de operaţii mentale pe care el face efortul de a le înţelege şi de a le institui în clasă”
Philippe Meirieu, 1993

Educatia reprezintă ansamblul activităţilor şi influenţelor pozitive, pe termen lung, care implică fiinţa umană ca factor al propriei sale deveniri; proiectează dezvoltarea psihică şi asigură condiţiile realizării acestei proiectări;este cea care asigură legătura între potenţialităţile de dezvoltare (date de ereditate) şi oferta de condiţii şi oportunităţi a mediului, selectând atât însuşirile determinate genetic, cât şi componentele de mediu care corespund obiectivelor educaţionale. Reflectii pedagogie, philippe meirieu, henry wadsworth longfellow, educatia, cadrelor didactice, profesorul, didactica, didactica moderna

Pedagogie Modul I

Numar pagini: 2

Reflectii Pedagogie

„Profesorul trebuie să aibă capacitatea de a traduce conţinuturile de învăţare în „demersuri de instruire”, adică „într-o serie de operaţii mentale pe care el face efortul de a le înţelege şi de a le institui în clasă”
Philippe Meirieu, 1993
Educatia reprezintă ansamblul activităţilor şi influenţelor pozitive, pe termen lung, care implică fiinţa umană ca factor al propriei sale deveniri; proiectează dezvoltarea psihică şi asigură condiţiile realizării acestei proiectări;este cea care asigură legătura între potenţialităţile de dezvoltare (date de ereditate) şi oferta de condiţii şi oportunităţi a mediului, selectând atât însuşirile determinate genetic, cât şi componentele de mediu care corespund obiectivelor educaţionale. Reflectii pedagogie, philippe meirieu, henry wadsworth longfellow, educatia, cadrelor didactice, profesorul, didactica, didactica moderna

Pedagogie Modul I

Numar pagini: 2

Ernest Miller Hemingway

Ernest Miller Hemingway was born on July 21, 1899, in Oak Park,
Illinois. His father was the owner of a prosperous real estate business. His
father, Dr. Hemingway, imparted to Ernest the importance of appearances,
especially in public. Dr. Hemingway invented surgical forceps for which he
would not accept money. He believed that one should not profit from something
important for the good of mankind. Ernest's father, a man of high ideals, was
very strict and censored the books he allowed his children to read. He forbad
Ernest's sister from studying ballet for it was coeducational, and dancing
together led to "hell and damnation".
. Ernest, miller, hemingway

Engleza

Numar pagini: 6

The Importance of Literacy

Try and imagine our society without a common language. This could be quite a hard idea to fathom. Allow me to assist you. If this hypothetical idea were in fact true, a typical conversation between two individuals would be as follows: one of the two would begin the conversation by making noises representing their language, the other person would not understand these noises and respond with unrecognizable noises to the first individual. As you can well imagine, this would get quite frustrating. Rita Mae Brown describes literacy as, \\\"a social contract, an agreed upon representation of certain symbols\\\" (420). If the symbol\\\'s (letters) meanings are not agreed upon by those attempting to communicate, then interpreting one another becomes difficult. Simply stated, literacy is very important. Society has proven time and time again, it will reward those individuals who are competent and impede those who are not, whether expressed in terms of employment opportunities (job success) or just on a social level.. Literacy

Engleza

Numar pagini: 2

An Analysis of British Literature

Death is inevitable and what happens after death will always be a
mystery to the living. For this reason, the afterlife has always been a topic
which artists have chosen to explore in their works. Throughout the chronology
of British literature, artists have used society's views as a basis to examine
the afterlife, and look at it in new ways. The afterlife has been a theme in
British Literature from the Anglo-Saxon period of Beowulf to the twentieth
century writings of Dylan Thomas. The mysteriousness of the afterlife makes it
a topic which artists will always be eager to analyze.
. Analysis, british, literature

Engleza

Numar pagini: 5

The Power of Knowledge

A person’s feeling can be depicted by the way he or she draws their pictures. Superiority and inferiority can be shown by the way the artist makes a person or ship larger or smaller than another person or ship. This is shown in the Spanish picture where the French ships are on the coast of America. The French ships are small and the Native Americans appear to be larger. In another picture it shows a tribe of Native Americans gathered around each other in a village. The first picture shows the Spaniards belief that the French are inferior to the Native Americans and themselves. They depict this by drawing the Native Americans much larger than the French people and even their ships. The power of the Spaniards is proven when they combine forces with the Native Americans to annihilate the French in Florida.. Knowledge

Engleza

Numar pagini: 1

Capacitatea unor boli de a se transmite ereditar

Capacitatea unor boli sau trasaturi de a fi transmise ereditar a fost cunoscuta (intuita) inca de cand se practica medicina, si insusi Hippocrates stia ca unele trasaturi si boli pot avea caracter familial.
Pana la inceputul secolului al douazecilea, ereditatea era considerata a fi o imbinare de continuitate si variatie de trasaturi si caractere, si se pare ca si Hippocrates stia aceasta. Momentul critic in cunoasterea legilor transmiterii ereditare este reprenzentat insa de memorabila lucrare a lui Johann Mendel, intitulata "Cercetari asupra hibrizilor vegetali" aparuta in 1865. In cele cateva pagini, cat........ . Boli, ereditar, hippocrates, ereditatea, mendel, pasteur, garrod, recesiv, dominant, sindromul, down, malformatii, congenitatle, sindromologie

Biologie

Numar pagini: 3

Modernism şi tradiţionalism în perioada interbelică – Ideologii literare, elemente de estetică

Reviste şi curente
„Viaţa românească”
„Sburătorul”
Obiectivele grupării:
Teoria imitaţiei
Principiul sincronismului
„Gândirea”
„Contimporanul”
Constructivismul
Suprarealismul
. Modernism, tradi?ionalism, perioada, interbelic?, ideologii, literare, elemente, estetic?, românia, tendin?a de sincronizare, europenizare, valorificare, originalit??ii na?ionale, reviste, curente, mihail sadoveanu, liviu rebreanu, camil petrescu, h, p, bengescu, mateiu caragiale, t, arghezi, l, blaga, i, barbu, eugen lovinescu, g, c?linescu, tudor vianu, via?a româneasc?, jean bart, gala galaction, mihail ralea, ionel teodoreanu, al, philippide, paul zarifopol, liviu rebreanu, o, goga, tudor vianu, ion pillat, g, topârceanu, ion barbu, mateiu caragiale, ion vinea, autenticitate, specificul, na?ional, poporul, s?m?n?torismului, poporanismului, simbolismului, sbur?torul, pompiliu constantinescu, camil baltazar, harie voronca, anton holban, gh, br?iescu, e, lovinescu, teoria, imita?iei, principiul, sincronismului, gândirea, adrian maniu, vasile voiculescu, contimporanul, avangardismul, dadaism, tristan tzara, constructivismul, suprarealismul, urmuz, alge, psihanaliza, freud, bergson

Limba si literatura romana

Numar pagini: 4

A Cry in the Night

"Setting: The story starts in New York City, most likely present day. Then as the story goes on it moves to minnesota out to Erich's farm. It is winter in Minnesota and very cold. Characters: Jenny is the main character of the story. She is a divorced mother of two. She is young and pretty. She works at an art museum in New York City to support herself and her two little girls. Erich is an artist. He's mysterious and curious. His actions speak louder then most words because he tends to be quiet during the story. Kevin is Jenny's ex-husband. He's a struggling actor with a great sense of humor. He tends to be a little selfish, but always tries to put everything on the good side of the hill.Clyde is the old man who works on Erich's farm............". A cry in the night, new york city, jenny, erich, kevin, mary higgins clark

Engleza

Numar pagini: 4

Freud and Marx

Freud and Marx it can be argued were both, as individuals, dissatisfied with their societies. Marx more plainly than Freud, but Freud can also be seen as discontent in certain aspects such as his cynical view of human nature. Each were great thinkers and philosophers, but both seemed unhappy. Perhaps the social ills and trouble each perceived in the world
about them were only the reflections of what each of the thinkers held within
themselves. Each person observes the same world, but each of us interprets
that information in a different way. They both saw the world as being injust
or base. Each understood the isfunctions in society as being caused by some aspect of human greed or other similar instinct. They did however, disagree
on what the vehicle for these instincts' corrupting influences are. Freud
claimed that tension caused by the stuggle to repress anti-social instincts
eventually was released and caused the social evils he observed. Marx also............
. Freud, marx

Engleza

Numar pagini: 4

Tudor Vianu, Estetica este ştiinţa frumosului artistic

Estetica este ştiinţa frumosului artistic. Această precizare este cu atât mai importantă cu cât aproape de-a lungul întregii dezvoltări a doctrinelor de estetică, obiectul ştiinţei noastre era întrevăzut deopotrivă în frumosul artistic, cât şi în frumosul natural. Cel din urmă nu părea a fi decât modelul mai frust şi mai imperfect al celui dintâi; după cum acesta era considerat a fi replica mai desăvârşită şi mai pură a celui din urmă. Chiar un estetician ca Hegel, care înţelegea să-şi menţină speculaţia sa în domeniul exclusiv al artei, nu putea să se împiedice de a recunoaşte anticipaţia ei în frumuseţea naturii. ,,Obiectul ştiinţei despre care tratăm, scrie el, este frumosul în artă. Frumosul în natură nu ocupă un loc decât ca primă formă a frumosului... Necesitatea frumosului în artă decurge din imperfecţiunile realităţii". [...]
. Tudor, vianu, estetica, stiinta, frumosul, artistic, frumos, arta, necesitate, imperfectiunile realitatii, hegel, valoarea, economica, teoretica, politica, morala, religioasa, estetica, creatia, artistica, opera, metodele, esteticii, norme, constatari, prescriptii, artist, contemplatia, amatorului, gustav theodor fechner, kant, geniul, artistic, contemplatia artistica, autonoma, eteoronomic, r, muller-freienfels, spontaneitate, constiinta, contemplator, lipps, a posteriori, sainte-beuve, shakespeare, ronsard, renastere

Estetică

Numar pagini: 3

Winston Churchill

Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill was born at Blenheim Palace on Nov. 30, 1874. His father was Lord Randolph Churchill, who descended directly from the 1st duke of Marlborough, of whom Winston was to write a biography. His mother was Jennie Jerosme, an American.
Churchill's childhood was unhappy. He spent most of his time at school, something he didn't really love. His teachers caracterized him as bright, but stubborn and obstinate. He loved to read history and poetry, however, and was fascinated by soldiers and battles. From childhood he had an extraordinary memory.
Winston Churchhill didn't want to go to university. Instead, he enrolled in the Royal Military College at Sandhurst. He graduated in 1894.
After service in Cuba and India, he worked as a war-correspondent in Northern India, Sudan and in South Africa, where he was captured by the Boers. His daring escape made him an overnight celebrity.
. Winston, churchill

Engleza

Numar pagini: 3

Writings of J.D. Salinger

Many critics consider J.D. Salinger a very controversial writer, for the subject matters that he writes.. J.D. Salinger’s works were generally written during two time periods. The first time period was during World War II, and the second time period was during the 1960’s. Critics feel that the works during the 1960 time period were very inappropriate, because of the problems for which he wrote. The main characters were generally misfits of society. In most of his works, he has the protagonist of the story go on a quest for happiness. Salinger does not conform to the material happiness; the characters undergo a spiritual happiness. The characters generally start out as in bad conditions, through the end of his works they undergone changes that change them for the better. . J, d, salinger

Engleza

Numar pagini: 3

Frued

1. Freud defines three stages of sexuality, the oral, the anal and the oedipal stage. An infant in its oral stage learns that there is an external world through pleasure and pain. Human nature is governed by the pleasure principle. When the infant is being breast fed he/she feels pleasure and when pulled away from the breast the baby feels pain. The pleasure principle is a way of seeking pleasure in order to avoid pain. We can’t be happy all the time because three things threaten us. First of all our own bodies can’t handle too much pleasure at once, eventually our bodies get older and death is inevitable. Second, natural phenomenon’s get in our way, and third our relationships with others. We are emotionally dependent on others and when we take their words into consideration we become unhappy. Since we can’t be happy all the time we need to learn how to avoid pain. There are five ways we can avoid pain. We can become hedonistic and gain pleasure at all costs all the time. This way of avoiding pain isn’t really possible due to the fact that we wouldn’t be able to accomplish anything else in our lives. Second way of avoiding pain is by voluntary isolation. A person can take him/herself out of society and ................. Frued

Engleza

Numar pagini: 3

Senzatiile – elemente definitorii (harta conceptuala)

Pornindu-se de la considerarea stimulului
ca o „sursa fizica de energie care activează
organul de simt”, se arata ca termenul de senzaţie,
este utilizat pentru a descrie procesele prin care
organismul răspunde la stimuli (Feldman 1990).
. Harta conceptuala, pedagogie, dppd, senzatii, însusirile concrete, feldman , perspectiva psihocognitivist?, bonnet

Psihologia Educatiei

Numar pagini: 1

A Christmas Carol

"A Christmas Carol, although occurring at a different time period than today, still holds values and lessons that are important in society today. The main character, Ebeneezer Scrooge, starts off having no feelings for others or any Christmas spirit, but changes from his gloomy, dark appearance to a carefree, child-like persona at the end. Dickens shows in A Christmas Carol that personal greed will lead to peril, while kindness and generosity lead to personal happiness.". A christmas carol, charles dickens, ebeneezer scrooge

Engleza

Numar pagini: 2

Jerome David Salinger The Catcher In The Rye

As a novelist, J.D. Salinger belongs to a distinct group of American writers who began their literary careers during or immediately after the Second World War, the so-called “young novelists” – James Baldwin, William Styron, etc.
The Ctcher in the Rye confirmed and sustained his reputation and gained him a position as one of the most important American writers of the young generation. The book is nevertheless a first-rate novel and one of the most convincing studies of adolescence ever to be written by an American. Salinger is widely seen as a keen students of children. In 1951 he published The Catcher in the Rye – a touching psychological study of adolescence, in which he views the American way of life through the eyes of a teen-age nonconformist, Holden Caulfield, a twentieth century rival of Twain’s Huck Finn. Holden is a person whose defining quality is his inability to behave according to the strict morals and social code of the day. Salinger’s sensitive and defiant school boy defies conventions and remains innocent about them. Holden images himself protecting a group of children happily playing in a rye field, from falling into a nearby precipice: “keep picturing these little kids, playing some game in this big field of rye....Thousands of little kids, and nobody around – nobody big, I mean except me. And I am standing on the edge of some crazy cliff. What I have to do? I have to catch everybody if they start to go over the cliff. I mean – if they are running and they don’t look where they are going. I have to come out from somewhere and catch them. That’s all I do all day. I’d just be the catcher in the rye and all.”.............
. Holden, salinger, catcher, in, the, rye, novel

Engleza

Numar pagini: 2

Generalitati. Clasificarea fisierelor

Fisierul
Înregistrarea
Accesul
Modul de acces
Variabilelor fisier
Clasificarea fisierelor
Diagrama de sintaxa a tipurilor de fisiere
. Generalitati, clasificarea, fisierelor, fisierul, colectie, organizata, informatii, înregistrari, end of file, caracterul, Înregistrarea, câmpuri, date, înregistrari, lungime, fixa, variabila, accesul, indicator, modul de acces, secvential, direct, aleator, variabila, tampon, variabilelor fisier, clasificare, text, carriage return, line feed, binare, cu tip, fara tip, diagrama, sintaxa, deschiderea, proceduri, functii, specifice, închiderea, identificatorul, intern, assign, reset, rewrite, append, close, readln, blockread, write, writeln, blockwrite, seek, read

Informatica

Numar pagini: 2

Beowulf

Beowulf was written in a time when Christianity was a newly budding religion in England.
Throughout the book there are obvious references to both Christian and Pagan rituals. The characters in the epic are newly found Christians who are trying to remain true to their new faith but are weak and hence, in times of great trouble, they resort back to their Pagan traditions and gods out of fear. Pagan rituals in the book are usually present only as reflections of the past or in times of the characters's greatest turmoil. Otherwise, in times of happiness and rejoicing, they worship their one, almighty, Christian God.
. Beowulf

Engleza

Numar pagini: 2

DH Lawrence

David Herbert Lawrence was born on September 11, 1885, the fourth child and third son of a miner in Eastwood, Nottinghamshire. Despite having grown up in a lower class home and without many friends, he has become the most frequently studied novelist of the twentieth century .
Lawrence started school extremely early at the age of four, only to be withdrawn for the next three years. This was much to his disadvantage socially. He had very few friends as a child. He preferred the company of his younger sister and her friends. At the age of thirteen, Lawrence received a scholarship to the Notthinghamshire High School. Despite the financial difficulty this put on his family, Lawrence studied diligently at school, and one again, made very few friends. At fifteen, Lawrence had finished high school, he went to work at Haywoods, a surgical appliance manufacturer in Nottingham . There too he............... D, h, lawrence

Engleza

Numar pagini: 2

Miguel de Cervantes

Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, born September 29, 1547, was a Spanish novelist, dramatist, and poet. Cervantes was the author of the novel Don Quixote, a masterpiece of world literature that was a great influence to other renaissance writers. Cervantes was born to a poor family in a town called Alcala de Henares. His father was a surgeon who made little money to support the family . Without the means for much formal education, Cervantes became a soldier. On his return to Spain he worked at a series of government jobs that involved extensive travel in Andalucia. (Funk & Wagnalls Encyclopedia) . His career as a public servant was marked by as much misfortune as was his military career. Not till his later years did Cervantes find a patron. It was then that he had the time to devote to his writing.. Miguel, de, cervantes

Engleza

Numar pagini: 2

Albert Camus and existentialism

Existentialism is the individual freedom of choice; in other words man is a conscious subject, rather than a thing. Of the many existentialistic themes, Camus strongly believed in absurdity.
Camus’ opinion is that absurdity lies in the basic discord in the relationship between the human being and the universe. Thus, the human being discovers the absurdity of existence when he correctly perceives the universe.
The absurdity of the human being is in its insecurity, rejections, agony, and also it’s disappointments. In most of Camus’ works the recognition of the absurdity of the human existence is a main theme. For Camus, the absurd is not a negative thing, but a real state of existence. Accepting the perspective that life is absurd is to embrace a true view of life.
The Stranger, is the first work of Camus’ dealing with absurdity. It portrays the main character as an honest, atheist, who lives life as best as he knows how. In the beginning of the novel, the main character Mersault’s mother dies. His mother’s death has no effect on him because he feels death is the end, there is no God in his mind, and because the two were not close.
. Albert, camus

Engleza

Numar pagini: 2

The Tragedy Of Hamlet

Arguably the best piece of writing ever done by William Shakespeare, Hamlet the is the classic example of a tragedy. In all tragedies the hero suffers, and usually dies at the end. Othello stabs himself, Romeo and Juliet commit suicide, Brutis falls on his sword, and like them Hamlet dies by getting cut with a poison tipped sword. But that is not all that is needed to consider a play a tragedy, and sometimes a hero doesn't even need to die. Making Not every play in which a Hero dies is considered a tragedy. There are more elements needed to label a play one. Probably the most important element is an amount of free will. In every tragedy, the characters must displays some. If every action is controlled by a hero's destiny, then the hero's death can't be avoided, and in a tragedy the sad part is that it could. Hamlet's death could have been avoided many times. Hamlet had many opportunities to kill Claudius, but did not take advantage of them. He also had the option of making his claim public, but instead he chose not too. A tragic hero doesn't need to be good. For example, MacBeth was evil, yet he was a tragic hero, because he had free will. He also had only one flaw, and that was pride. He had many good traits such as bravery, but his one bad trait made him evil. Also a tragic hero doesn't have to die. . Hamlet, william, shakespeare

Engleza

Numar pagini: 2

Effects of Living Together

As the rate of divorce soars and as increasing numbers of marriages disintegrate, living together has become the popular alternative to many people in north America. Expersts estimate that "roughly 2.2 million people are currently sharing bed and board in a live-in arrangement, this is approximately 1% of the total population."("Family." Comptoms Encyclopedia. 1992 ed.) Living together, more formally known as non marital cohabitation, is an emerging lifestyle. In fact, "More than one fourth of all unmarried couples living together in the early 1980's were between 25 and 34 years old, and an additional 19 percent were 45 and over."("Today's Families."Detroit Free Press 18 October 1995: B17.) Although living together is not a recent invention, the relationship has yet to be legitimized with a respectable name. Existing terms such as "shacking up" or "living in sin" are just some of the crude names being tagged to people living together. Living together can be valuable a substitute for marriage, a cure-all for marital problems, and a solution to the problem of frequent divorce.. Living, together, marriage, divorce

Engleza

Numar pagini: 2

Single Men vs. Committed Men

Single men lead different lifestyles compared to men that
are committed to one woman. When a guy is single, he
might wish he had a girlfriend. When that same guy finds a
girlfriend, he might want to be single again. This is a strange
cycle that many young men go through for many years.

Although there are many differences between these two
lifestyles, one similarity is apparent. That is the transition
from one lifestyle to the other. The transition is often very
difficult. These transitions often cause many aspects of a
man’s life to change. This means that there are many
contrasts when you compare lifestyles of single men and
men in a relationship with one woman.
. Single, comitted, men

Engleza

Numar pagini: 2

The Limitations of Gender Roles

Everyone acknowledges that there are significant differences between males and females, even if they are only physical. Others see not only the physical but also the social, emotional and intellectual differences between male and female. Gender roles by definition are the social norms that dictate what is socially appropriate male and female behavior. In early American culture it was common for a women's job to be a submissive homemaker in clear contrast to the males aggressive breadwinner role. The seventies marked the beginning of the Woman's Movement and the end of the ideals we held on what it is to be a "man" and what it is to be a "woman". Women were no longer like the stereotypical homemaker, always offering a hot meal for her family, but were instead out burning bras and protesting inequality. No one disputes that the Women's Movement began but there is a disagreement on whether or not it should come to an end.. Gender, roles, limitations, women, men

Engleza

Numar pagini: 2

Heart of Darkness Essay

It seems like everywhere there is something in life that seems to be left behind. In the books I read about mystery or suspense, this always seems to be the case in such. The Heart of Darkness draws me into such depths of suspense and unknown that seem to assciate with my life.
This whole book is full of mysteries. Marlow has a heart that is full of mytery when he is stuck in Africa, and looking for a man named Kurtz. Marlow is waiting, he learns about where the place is at, what could be coming ahead. Maybe he was just acquiring some ideas of what was ahead, or who he would be working with. Why is all this senselessness happening around him?
. Joseph, conrad, heart, of, darkness

Engleza

Numar pagini: 1

Madame Bovary

From earliest infancy, an individual's character is molded by experience. In Gustave Flaubert's novel entitled Madame Bovary, Emma's unorthodox behavior during her married life can be attriuted to the illusions she maintained about life during her girlhood. These, combined with her father's disinterest in her mental happiness become the force which eventually leads Emma Bovary to commit suicide. . Madame, bovary, gustave, flaubert

Engleza

Numar pagini: 1

Health

People who have low self image, and low self esteem, are unhappy with whom they are in life. Things that are done well are often taken for granted. Where as mistakes are heavily looked upon. One's position in life and previous experiences can also add to negative feelings. Constantly being told you're headed no where or that you're nothing but a failure can lead to a low self esteem and low self image. There are many things that can be done to raise self image, and self esteem. Responding to criticism positively is very important.. Health

Engleza

Numar pagini: 1

Osciloscopul analogic

Osciloscopul
Osciloscopul analogic
Tubul catodic
Schema de principiu a OSC-A
Blocul de deflexie pe verticala
Blocul pentru baza de timp si sincronizare (BBTS)
Moduri de multiplexare în timp
Modul alternat (sau alternativ)
Modul comutat (cu choppare)
. Osciloscop, analogic, tub, catodic, schema, osc-a, bloc, deflexie, verticala, baza, timp, sincronizare, bbts, multiplexare, alternat, comutat, choppare

Masurari si TraductoareT

Numar pagini: 2

The Individual And Society

In this paper I will try to explain the puzzle of whether individuals are products of society or society is a product of individuals. I believe that in general, and in the beginning, the answer to this question, is that society is a human product. I will start by presenting early man, the hunter and gatherer as an early form of society, but lacking critical qualities of a society. Then I will continue to support my theory by analyzing the beginning of known society some three and one half thousands years ago. I will present the individual as creation of society, or more precisely, an ongoing social recursive conditioning. I will also present society as creation of individuals. Finally, I will conclude my paper with some thoughts on the paradox of who is the product and who is the producer of the individual and society.. Individual, society

Engleza

Numar pagini: 3

The Adventures of Tom Sawyer

\\\"The Adventures of Tom Sawyer\\\", By Mark Twain is a story told from the eyes of the young Tom Sawyer. The story takes place in the small rustic town of St. Petersburg Missouri. Tom Sawyer is the main character of the book. Tom is an imaginative young man who always seems to be getting into trouble. Tom is very adventurous, he never passes up a chance to play pirates, robbers, or soldiers. This book has multiple themes but the most important is knowing when its right to talk and tell the truth and when its better to be quiet or lie. At the beginning of the story Tom is introduced by climbing in his window after a long night of cavorting with his friends. Soon after the start of the story Tom meets Huckleberry Fin. Huck is a local outcast of society who likes to live by his own terms. Tom and Huck become good friends. One night the two boys go to the grave yard. While they are there they witness the murder of the town doctor, Mr. Robinson. The boys watched as Injun Joe kills the doctor and frames a drunk by the name of Muff Potter who just happens to be at the wrong place at the wrong time. The boys swear never to speak of this again. Soon after this Tom falls in love with his new neighbor, Becky Thatcher. Eventually the two become engaged but the engagement falls................. . Tom, sawyer, mark, twain

Engleza

Numar pagini: 2

How childhood history and culture affects how we live as adults

Childhood history has a lot to do with how we live as adults because certain childhood events could trigger something that would last a life time. Take for example if a child fails at something and the parent does nothing to help the child, the child will grow up thinking that failing is alright and that he or she will have a hard time in life with their job or in school or life in general. Many events from a persons’ life can stick with the person throughout their life like a thorn in the side. The event will every so often reappear in the persons mind when some event in the present triggers a familiarity with the past event and the person could go in to a state of worry or even worse shock. In this occurrence it could immobilize the person and result in a lackluster in the persons life and might not be able to carry on until the issue is resolved.. Childhood, adulthood, adult, child, culture

Engleza

Numar pagini: 1

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